Early eighteenth-century Newtonianism: the Huguenot contribution

John Theophilus Desaguliers’s allegorical poem The Newtonian system of the world, the best model of government (1728) crystallizes the contribution of several important French Protestant exiles to the construction of early Newtonianism. In the context of diverging interpretations of Newton’s scientific achievement in terms of natural religion, writers such as Des Maizeaux, Coste, Le Clerc and others actively disseminated a version of Newtonianism which was close to Newton’s own intention. Through public experiments, translations, correspondence, reviews and books, they managed to convey a vision of Newtonian science which coincided with their propaganda of English liberties in Church and State. Therefore their effort on behalf of Newtonianism can be interpreted as part of a wider strategy of assimilation into English society at a time when most exiled Huguenots had given up hope of ever recreating a French Reformed Church at home.     

Not every drought is bad: quantifying reproductive effort in the harlequin frog Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)

Atelopus laetissimus is an endemic and threatened harlequin frog from the high mountain forests of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Knowledge of its reproductive biology is essential for understanding the intraspecific interactions that can help the conservation of Atelopus species. We quantified the energy, measured in body weight, invested by males and females of A. laetissimus for reproduction, and how this energetic investment is related to the survival of individuals and rainfall conditions in habitats during two years (2014 and 2015). Our results show plasticity in terms of reproductive phenology linked to rainfall with short- and long-duration breeding strategies. The first year of this study, 2014, had a precipitation level in accordance with the annual averages at the area. During this time frogs exhibit a short breeding period. Contrary to 2014, 2015 was a year with little precipitation, below the annual averages, which probably facilitated the females’ quick spawning in the creeks and a consequent reduction in the duration of amplexus and low breeding efforts by males. This, in turn, was related to a long breeding period that favors the survival and reproduction of males during the entire year. In 2014 we found a decrease of 25% to 30% body weight of potentially reproductive males, which may be attributed to a prolonged duration of amplectant events.     

The influence of Spinoza’s concept of infinity on Cantor’s set theory

Georg Cantor, the founder of set theory, cared much about a philosophical foundation for his theory of infinite numbers. To that end, he studied intensively the works of Baruch de Spinoza. In the paper, we survey the influence of Spinozean thoughts onto Cantor’s; we discuss Spinoza’s philosophy of infinity, as it is contained in his Ethics; and we attempt to draw a parallel between Spinoza’s and Cantor’s ontologies. Our conclusion is that the study of Spinoza provides deepening insights into Cantor’s philosophical theory, whilst Cantor can not be called a ‘Spinozist’ in any stricter sense of that word.     

冷拨机小车挂钩的可靠性计算与设计

根据现场典型工况的实测数据,给出了拉拨力的分布形式,并应用可靠性理论对冷拨机小车挂钩进行了强度校核和截面尺寸设计,这对今后改型设计具有一定参考价值.     

太行山南端森林变迁史的初步研究

本文系统的研究了太行山南端2200年(公元前206年前-1985年)森林变迁、森林生态效益和旱、涝自然灾害频数后,划分为七个时期。秦(公元前206年)前,森林植被完好,森林覆盖率在80％以上,自然生态良性循环,基本上没有旱涝灾害。至东、西汉426年间,森林植被减少,森林覆盖率下降至70％时,已出现了一般性旱涝灾害,均为142年一遇。三国至唐,森林覆盖率下降至50％,出现了特大干旱和特大水灾。此后,随着森林植被的继续减少,自然生态循环向着恶化方向日趋发展。至民国时期,森林覆盖率下降至5％时,旱,涝灾害频数分别为2.1年和1.4年一遇,灾害频繁,交替发生,生态循环极度恶化。建国以来,太行山南端境内的森林总的是发展趋势。党的三中全会以后,采取重大措施,森林植被走向稳步发展的道路。     

十九世纪欧洲现实主义文学的丰碑 --《人间喜剧》对现实主义创作方法的发展与完善

<人间喜剧>是19世纪欧洲文学的一座丰碑,著作者巴尔扎克是19世纪欧洲最伟大的现实主义作家.他在文学史上的最大贡献是丰富和发展了现实主义的创作方法.他把文学创作提到社会研究的高度,用小说全面深刻形象地反映社会现实生活;他以极大的独创性,塑造了一大批典型环境中的典型人物;他重视经济细节的真实性,别出心裁地从经济角度反映社会变革和人际关系.     

庞迪我、孙元化《日晷图法》初探--兼论牛津本《天问略》中的三种晷仪

文本和技术两方面的细致比较表明,庞迪我和孙元化的《日晷图法》与陆仲玉日晷著作抄本的第一部分以及汤若望和朱確的同名著作内容基本相同,可以认为它们均出自庞迪我和孙元化的手笔.另外,徐朝俊的同名著作与庞、孙二人著作之间也存在明显的联系.     

de Sitter空间中类空子流形的整体刚性定理

研究de Sitter空间中具有平行平均曲率的类空子流形,在关于子流形的第二基本量的整体Pinching条件下,利用Sobolev不等式和梯度估计的方法,证明类空子流形为全脐的几个刚性定理.     

我国物流产业的现状及发展对策(二)

物流产业是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业。目前，我国物流的社会化、市场化程度仍然很低，在广大中西部地区和边远省份，真正意义上的现代物流尚属空白。我国政府部门要努力营造物流产业发展的宏观环境，加强物流基础设施建设，加快培育具有国际竞争力的现代物流企业，建立和健全企业物流管理组织，作用现代科技进步实现物流现代化。